Cash instruments
Derivatives that are not designated as hedges are classified as isolated open positions. These are recognised at their fair value in the balance sheet, and offset a "Translation adjustments" account.
All receivables, payables, loans and borrowings denominated in foreign currencies are translated on the balance sheet at the exchange rate prevailing as of the reporting date for the financial year. These exchange rate variations, as well as those linked to the hedging instruments taken out to cover the said receivables, payables, loans and borrowings denominated in foreign currencies, are recorded in the balance sheet under the heading "Unrealised exchange losses/gains".
A provision is recognised if the sum of these translation adjustments shows a potential exchange loss based on the overall exchange position, calculated on a currency-by- currency basis. The overall foreign exchange position excludes translation differences of hedging instruments and hedged items
In accordance with French accounting standards, the potential gain resulting from the overall foreign exchange position is not recognised as income in the income statement.
Exchange rate hedging instruments are contracted to hedge commercial transactions recognised in the balance sheet and future transactions that are considered to be highly probable. Gains and losses generated by these instruments are recognised symmetrically with the gains and losses arising on the hedged items, in the same aggregate as profit and loss. Option premium income/discounts are recognised in profit and loss when the hedged item is recognised in profit and loss. Hedges have already been taken out in respect of forecasted operating transactions for the next financial year. The impact of such hedges on profit or loss will be recorded during the same financial year as the transactions hedged.
In the case of interest-rate hedges, for gains and losses arising on interest rate swaps and caps, hedging financial liabilities are recorded on a pro rata basis symmetrically with the gains and losses on the items hedged.
Provisions for liabilities and charges are recognised to cover probable outflows of resources to third parties, without receipt of equivalent consideration by the Company. They mainly concern risks and disputes of a commercial, financial, tax or employee-related nature.
The estimated amount included in provisions corresponds to the outflow of resources that the Company is likely to incur in the settlement of its obligation. Depending on the type of provision, the estimate takes account of the most probable assumptions of realisation, or is assessed in line with statistical methods.
Contingent liabilities are potential obligations arising from past events, whose existence will only be confirmed by the occurrence of future (uncertain) events that are not wholly within the control of the Company or probable liabilities for which the outflow of resources is also not within its control. Contingent liabilities are not recognised and are disclosed where applicable.
The L’Oréal parent company operates pension, early retirement and other benefit schemes for employees and retirees depending on local legislation and regulations. Directors and corporate officers are regarded as employees for all additional benefits relating to their remuneration, and are therefore covered by the same employee benefit schemes.
These obligations are partially funded by an external scheme where the funds are gradually built up through contributions paid. The contributions are expensed as incurred under other purchases and external charges.
The related obligations are measured using an actuarial valuation method based on final salaries. The method takes account of length of service, life expectancy, turnover by category of personnel and economic assumptions such as inflation and discount rates. The Company has opted for the new method provided by recommendation ANC 2013-02 on the accounting treatment of pension obligations and similar benefits, as amended on 5 November 2021. That is to say, the increase in the obligation for each employee is no longer recognised on a straight-line basis over his or her term of employment but straight-line only over the vesting period for his or her benefit rights.
No provision is recognised in the balance sheet for net unfunded obligations. These thus appear as off-balance sheet commitments.
Only obligations in respect of long-service awards are no longer recognised as an off-balance sheet commitment; instead, a provision is recognised in the balance sheet based on an actuarial valuation of the obligation ( see note 17).
